El Paso, Texas

City of El Paso
—  City  —
From top left: Downtown El Paso, the Wells Fargo building, the US-Mexico Border, San Jacinto Plaza, the Franklin Mountains, and a downtown view from Scenic Drive
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): The Sun City,[1] The Star City of Texas,[1] El Chuco[2]
Location in the state of Texas
City of El Paso Location in the state of Texas
Coordinates:
Country	United States
State	Texas
County	El Paso
Government
- Mayor	John Cook
Area
- City	250.5 sq mi (648.8 km2)
- Land	249.08 sq mi (645.11 km2)
- Water	1.46 sq mi (3.78 km2)
Elevation	3,740 ft (1,140 m)
Population (2009[4])
- City	620,447 (21st)UNIQ6c838b4f36ef5eaf-ref-0,024F8C6-QINU
- Density	2,446.7/sq mi (944.7/km2)
- Metro	751,296
Time zone	MST (UTC-7)
- Summer (DST)	MDT (UTC-6)
Area code(s)	915
FIPS code	48-24000[5]
GNIS feature ID	1380946[6]
Website	[2]

El Paso (pronounced /ɛlˈpæsoʊ/) is a city in and the county seat of El Paso County, Texas, United States, and lies in West Texas. According to the United States Census Bureau's 2009 population estimates, the city had a population of 620,447 (July 2009).^[4] It is the sixth-largest city in Texas and the 22nd-largest city in the United States.^[3] Its metropolitan area covers all of El Paso County. In 2009, the El Paso metropolitan area had a population of 751,296.^[7] The metropolitan population is estimated to be at 804,000 as of the 2010 census.^[8]

El Paso stands on the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte), across the border from Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The image to the right shows Downtown El Paso and Juárez, with the Juárez Mountains in the background. The two cities form a combined international metropolitan area, sometimes called Juarez-El Paso, with Juárez being the significantly larger of the two. Together they have a combined population of 2 million, with Juárez accounting for 2/3 of the population. In 2010 El Paso was awarded an All-America City Award, prestigious & the oldest community recognition program in the nation.

El Paso is home to the University of Texas at El Paso (founded in 1914 as The Texas State School of Mines and Metallurgy, and later, Texas Western College; its present name dates from 1967) and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso. Fort Bliss, one of the largest military complexes of the United States Army, lies to the east and northeast of the city, with training areas extending north into New Mexico, up to the White Sands Missile Range and neighboring Holloman Air Force Base in Alamogordo. The Franklin Mountains extend into El Paso from the north and nearly divide the city into two sections, the western half forming the beginnings of the Mesilla Valley and with the eastern slopes connecting in the central business district at the south end of the mountain range.

History

The El Paso region has had human settlement for thousands of years, as evidenced by Folsom points from hunter-gatherers found at Hueco Tanks.^[9] The earliest known cultures in the region were maize farmers. At the time of the arrival of the Spanish the Manso, Suma, and Jumano tribes populated the area and today form the basis of the Mestizo culture in the area. The Mescalero Apache roamed the region as well.

Spanish explorer Don Juan de Oñate was the first European explorer to arrive at the Rio Grande near El Paso, in 1598,^[10] celebrating Thanksgiving Mass there on April 30, 1598 (several decades before the Pilgrims' Thanksgiving). El Paso del Norte (the present day Ciudad Juárez), was founded on the south bank of the Río Bravo del Norte, (Rio Grande) in 1659 by Spanish conquistadors. In 1680 the small village of El Paso became the base for Spanish governance of the territory of New Mexico, remaining the largest settlement in New Mexico until its cession to the US in 1848, when Texas took it in 1850.

Map of the city in 1886.

Present day El Paso City largely remained undeveloped during most of Spanish control. Instead, Spanish settlement was centered on El Paso del Norte (the present day Ciudad Juárez). Although, the Spanish Crown and the local authorities of El Paso del Norte had made several land concessions to bring agricultural production to the northern bank of the river in present day El Paso City, continual Indian raids and warfare overwhelmed any attempts. The Apache Wars and subsequent Comanche Wars left northern Mexico, then including present day New Mexico, Texas, Coahuila, in a state of perpetual instability. Consequently, present day Juarez remained the northern-most fortified city with the Río Bravo del Norte, (Rio Grande) and Apache attacks dissuading settlement and development north. The water of the river, the city walls and citadels of Jurez provided a natural defense against further raids although in some decades several thousand strong Apache armies made raids deep into Mexico, slaughtering the male population and enslaving the women and children. As a result, the Rio Grande proved a boundary line of actual Spanish presence.

Nonetheless, in the early years of Spanish power, several attempts were made which successfully colonized areas north for some decades. Being a grassland then, the few Spanish grandees and their mestizo servants, and the small community of Spanish friars and their Amerindian wards ranched the area and developed small scale but successful agriculture consisting of vineyards and fruits. However, in 1680, after the successful Pueblo Revolt that decimated the Spanish colonies in northern New Mexico, Juarez became the base for Spanish governance of the territory of New Mexico with the present day El Paso remaining a neutral battle-ground. From El Paso, the Spaniards led by Diego de Vargas, grouped to recolonize the Spanish territory centered around Santa Fe stretching from Socorro to Taos.

El Paso became the southernmost locality of the Provincia de Nuevo Mexico (modern New Mexico). It communicated with Santa Fe and Mexico City by the Royal Road. American spies, traders and fur trappers visited the area since 1804 and some intermarried with the area's Hispanic elite.^[11] Although there was no combat in the region during the Mexican Independence, Paso del Norte experienced the negative effects it had on its wine trade.

The Texas Revolution (1836) was not felt in the region as the area was never considered part of Texas until 1848. Given the blurry reclamations of the Texas Republic that wanted a chunk of the Santa Fe trade, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo effectively made the settlements on the north bank of the river a formal American settlement, separate from Old El Paso del Norte on the Mexican side.^[11] The present Texas-New Mexico boundary placing El Paso on the Texas side was drawn in the Compromise of 1850.

Downtown El Paso in 1908.

El Paso County was established in March 1850, with San Elizario as the first county seat. The United States Senate fixed a boundary between Texas and New Mexico at the thirty-second parallel, thus largely ignoring history and topography. A military post called The Post opposite El Paso (meaning opposite El Paso del Norte, across the Rio Grande) was established in 1854. Further west, a settlement on Coons' Rancho called Franklin became the nucleus of the future El Paso, Texas. A year later pioneer Anson Mills completed his plan of the town, calling it El Paso.^[12]

During the Civil War, the Confederate cause was met with great support from Franklin residents until the city's capture by the Union California Column in 1862. It was then headquarters for the 5th Regiment California Volunteer Infantry until December 1864.^[13]

After the war was concluded, the town's population began to grow. El Paso was incorporated in 1873 and encompassed the small area communities that had developed along the river. With the arrival of the Southern Pacific, Texas and Pacific and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railroads in 1881, the population boomed to 10,000 by the 1890 census attracting newcomers ranging from businessmen and priests, to gunfighters and prostitutes. El Paso became a boomtown known as the "Six Shooter Capital" because of its lawlessness.^[12] Prostitution and gambling flourished until World War I, when the Department of the Army pressured El Paso authorities to crack down on vice (thus benefitting vice in neighboring Ciudad Juárez).

Mining and other industries gradually developed in the area. The 1920s and 1930s saw the emergence of major business development in the city partially enabled by Prohibition era bootlegging.^[12] The Depression era hit the city hard and population declined through the end of World War II. Following the war, military expansion in the area as well as oil discoveries in the Permian Basin (North America) helped to cause rapid economic expansion in the mid 1900s. Copper smelting, oil refining, and the proliferation of low wage industries (particularly garment making) led the city's growth. The expansion slowed again in the 1960s but the city has continued to grow in large part because of the increased importance of trade with Mexico.

Geography

A panoramic view of El Paso, Texas from the north. The Hueco Mountains can be seen toward the east; the Juarez mountains of Mexico can be seen to the south (far right of the image).

El Paso (top) and Ciudad Juárez (bottom) as seen from earth orbit; the Rio Grande River is the thin line separating the two cities through the middle of the photograph. A portion of the Franklin Mountains can be seen in the upper-left. Image courtesy of NASA.

False color satellite image of El Paso and Ciudad Juárez. Paved streets and buildings appear in varying shades of blue-gray, and red indicates vegetation. Image courtesy of NASA.

El Paso is located at (31.790208, -106.423242).^[14] It lies at the intersection of three states (Texas, New Mexico, and Chihuahua) and two countries (the USA and Mexico). It is the only major Texas city on Mountain Time. When Ciudad Juárez was on Central Time,^[15] it was possible to celebrate New Year's twice in the same evening by travelling a very short distance across the state and into another country. Both cities are now on Mountain Time.

The city's elevation is 3,800 feet (1,140 m) above sea level. The rustic North Franklin Peak towers at 7,192 feet (2,192 m) above sea level and is the highest peak in the city. The peak can be seen from 60 miles (97 km) in all directions. Additionally, this mountain range is home to the famous natural red-clay formation, the Thunderbird, from which the local Coronado High School gets its mascot's name. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 250.5 square miles (648.9 km²).

The 24,000-acre (9,700 ha) Franklin Mountains State Park is the largest urban park in the United States and resides entirely in El Paso, extending from the north and neatly dividing the city into several sections along with Fort Bliss and the El Paso International Airport.

The Rio Grande Rift, which passes around the southern end of the Franklin Mountains, is where the Rio Grande River flows. The river defines the border between El Paso from Ciudad Juárez to the south and west until the river turns north of the border with Mexico, separating El Paso from Doña Ana County, New Mexico. Mt. Cristo Rey, a volcanic peak (an example of a pluton) rises within the Rio Grande Rift just to the west of El Paso on the New Mexico side of the Rio Grande River. Other volcanic features include Kilbourne hole and Hunt's hole, which are Maar volcanic craters 30 miles (50 km) west of the Franklin Mountains.

El Paso is surrounded by the Chihuahuan Desert, the easternmost section of the Basin and Range Region.

Areas of El Paso

• Central El Paso
  • Downtown El Paso
  • Sunset Heights
• East El Paso
  • Ysleta
• Far East El Paso-Montana Vista
• Mission Valley El Paso (Lower Valley and Ysleta, Texas)
• Northwest El Paso (Commonly known as West El Paso or Upper Valley)
• Northeast El Paso
• West Central El Paso

With the city limits are traditional suburban areas that are located on the far eastern and western edges.

Texas suburbs outside the city

• Anthony
• Canutillo
• Clint
• Fabens
• Homestead Meadows
• Horizon City
• Montana Vista
• San Elizario
• Socorro
• Sparks
• Tornillo
• Vinton
• Westway

New Mexico suburbs

Although New Mexican areas of Anthony, Sunland Park, and Chaparral lie adjacent to El Paso County, they are considered to be part of the Las Cruces, New Mexico metropolitan area by the United States Census Bureau.^[16]

• Anthony
• Sunland Park
• Chaparral

Climate

Snow on Franklin Mountains & El Paso causes a closure of Transmountain Highway

• El Paso has a warm, arid climate (Koppen climate classification BWh) with very hot summers (with little or no humidity) and mild, dry winters.

• Temperatures range from an average high of 57.2 °F (14.0 °C) and an average low of 32.9 °F (0.5 °C) in January to an average high of 95.3 °F (35.2 °C) in June and an average low of 72.0 °F (22.2 °C) in July.

• The city's record high is 114 °F (46 °C), and its record low is −8 °F (−22 °C), with weather records for the area maintained by the National Weather Service since 1879.

• The sun shines 302 days per year on average in El Paso, 83 percent of daylight hours, according to the El Paso Weather Bureau. It is from this that the city is nicknamed "The Sun City."^[1] The natives find the weather attractive though temperatures can reach 100+ °F.

• Rainfall averages 9.35 inches (237 mm) per annum, most of which occurs during the summer from July through September and is predominantly caused by monsoonal flow from the Gulf of California. During this period, winds originate more from the south to southeast direction and carry moisture from the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of California and the Gulf of Mexico into the region. As this moisture moves into the El Paso area (and many other areas in the southwest), a combination of orographic uplift from the mountains, and daytime heating from the sun, causes thunderstorms to develop across the region (some of which can be severe, producing flash flooding and hail). This is what causes most of the rain in the El Paso area.

• Due to its dry climate, El Paso often experiences wind and dust storms during the spring, usually starting in March and lasting to early May. With an average wind speed of up to 30 miles per hour (48 km/h) with gusts that have been measured at over 75 miles per hour (121 km/h) to 80 miles per hour (130 km/h), these wind storms kick up large amounts of sand causing loss of visibility.

• El Paso, at 3,800 feet (1,200 m) elevation, is also capable of receiving snow; weather systems have produced over a foot of snow on many occasions. In 1980, three major snowstorms produced over a foot of snow; one in February, another in April and the last one in December, producing a white Christmas for the city. A major snowstorm in December 1987 dumped nearly two feet of snow.

Flooding

Although the average annual rainfall is only about 9 inches, many parts of El Paso are subject to occasional flooding during intense summer monsoons. In late July and early August 2006, over 15 inches (380 mm) of rain fell in a week, overflowing all the flood-control reservoirs and causing major flooding city-wide. The city staff has estimated damage to public infrastructure as $21 million, and to private property (residential & commercial) as $77 million.^[17] Much of the damage was associated with development in recent decades in arroyos protected by flood-control dams and reservoirs, and the absence of any storm drain utility in the city to handle the flow of rain water.

Temperature statistics

Cityscape

The O. T. Bassett Tower

10 Tallest Buildings in El Paso

El Paso's tallest building, the Wells Fargo Plaza, was built in the early-1970s as State National Plaza. The black-windowed, 296-foot (90 m) building is famous for its 13 white horizonal lights (18 lights per row on the east and west sides of the building, and 7 bulbs per row on the north and south sides) that were lit at night. The tower did use a design of the United States flag during the 4th of July holidays as well as the American hostage crisis of 1980, and was lit continuously following the September 11 attacks in 2001 until around 2006. During the Christmas holidays, a design of a Christmas tree was used, and at times, the letters "UTEP" was used to support University of Texas at El Paso athletics. The tower is now only lit during the holiday months, or when special events take place in the city.

Demographics

El Paso has historically been predominantly Hispanic. In the 1870s, a population of twenty-three (23) whites and 150 Hispanics was reported.^[21] In 1916, the Census Bureau reported El Paso's population as 53% Hispanic and 44% white.^[22]

According to the 2006-2008 American Community Survey, the racial composition of El Paso was as follows:

• White: 77.8% (Non-Hispanic Whites: 15.0%)
• Black or African American: 3.1%
• Native American: 0.5%
• Asian: 1.2%
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0.1%
• Some other race: 15.1%
• Two or more races: 2.2%

• Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 80.0% (Mexican: 75.0%)

Source:^[23]

As of the census^[5] of 2000, there were 563,662 people, 182,063 households, and 141,098 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,263.0 people per square mile (873.7/km²). There were 193,663 housing units at an average density of 777.5/sq mi (300.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 76.6% White, 3.12% African American, 0.82% Native American, 1.12% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 18.15% from other races, and 3.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 86.62% of the population.

There are 182,063 households, out of which 42.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 18.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07 and the average family size was 3.54.

In the city the population was spread out with 31.0% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,124, and the median income for a family was $35,432. Males had a median income of $28,989 versus $21,540 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,388. About 19.0% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.8% of those under age 18 and 17.7% of those age 65 or over.

According to the 2006 United States Census Bureau population estimates, the El Paso metropolitan area had a population of 736,310.^[24] As of December 3, 2007, El Paso is ranked the second safest city in the US with a population greater than 500,000.^[25]

In 2010, many Mexicans fleeing drug violence in Ciudad Juarez settled in El Paso. Benjamin Sáenz, a novelist and a literature professor at the University of Texas at El Paso, said during that year that El Paso was "becoming a lot more Mexican and a lot less Chicano."^[26]

Government

Municipal

The city government is officially non-partisan; the county government is not. Mayors and City Council members may not serve for more than ten years in their respective offices.^[27]

The current mayor of El Paso is John Cook, who defeated Mayor Joe Wardy in 2005 and was reelected in 2009.^[28]

The current members of the El Paso City Council, who are elected every four years to staggered terms, are Emma Acosta, Susie Byrd, Steve Ortega, and Carl Robinson, whose terms will end in 2013, and Eddie Holguin, Beto O'Rourke, Ann Lilly, and Rachel Quintana, whose terms will end in 2011. Lilly, Byrd, Ortega, Holguin, and O'Rourke have been on the council since 2005. Quintana has been on the council since 2007, Acosta since 2008, and Robinson since 2009. Due to the term limits clause in the City Charter, several City Council members will not be eligible in the next election: Byrd and Ortega, as well as Mayor Cook.^[29]

According to city charter amendments approved on February 7, 2004, the city of El Paso operates under a council-manager form of government. This system combines the strong political leadership of elected officials, in the form of eight Council Members, with the strong managerial experience of an appointed local government manager. All power is concentrated in the elected council, which hires a professionally trained manager to carry out its directives and oversee the delivery of public services.^[27] Joyce Wilson was selected by the city council in 2004 as El Paso's first City Manager.

El Paso County

The El Paso County Judge is Democrat Anthony Cobos, and the County Commissioners are Democrats Veronica Escobar, Anna Perez, and Willie Gandara Jr., and Republican Dan Haggerty. Cobos and Escobar were first elected to their positions in 2006, and have been in office since 2007. Perez and Gandara were first elected to their positions in 2008, and have been in office since 2009. Haggerty was first elected to his position in 1994, and has been in office since 1995. The El Paso County Sheriff is Democrat Richard Wiles, since 2009.

Cobos did not seek re-election in 2010. The Democratic primary for County Judge was won by Escobar, and the Republican primary for County Judge was won by Jaime Perez, Cobos' chief of staff.^[30]

State

The Texas Department of Criminal Justice operates the El Paso I District Parole Office in the city. The El Paso II District Parole Office is in an unincorporated area east of Horizon City.^[31]

Texas Legislature

El Paso City and County vote overwhelmingly Democratic, like most of the Texas–Mexico border area and urban Texas.^[32] The El Paso metropolitan area is represented in the Texas State House by Democrats Marisa Marquez, Chente Quintanilla, Norma Chavez, Joe Pickett and Joe Moody; and in the State Senate, by Eliot Shapleigh (D-El Paso).

Federal

The El Paso metropolitan area is represented by Silvestre Reyes (D-El Paso), chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, and Ciro Rodriguez (D-San Antonio) in the U.S. House of Representatives. The current U.S. Senators for Texas are Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-Texas) and John Cornyn (R-Texas).

The United States Postal Service operates the El Paso Main Post Office near El Paso International Airport.^[33] Other post offices are throughout the city.

Economy

El Paso is the Operational Headquarters of Helen of Troy Limited, a NASDAQ listed company that manufactures personal health care products under many labels such as OXO, Dr. Scholls, Vidal Sassoon, Sunbeam, among others. Also headquartered in El Paso is Western Refining, listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and Spira Footwear, and Fred Loya Insurance, an insurance company.^[34]

Until 1996, El Paso was home to El Paso Natural Gas Company. It is now in Houston, Texas under the name El Paso Corporation. Farah Clothing Company was also headquartered in El Paso until 1998 when Farah along with other clothing manufacturing companies such as Levi's, moved their plants in search of cheaper labor. In the 1980s El Paso was known as the blue jeans capital of the world because it produced over 2 million pairs of jeans every week from different jean companies in El Paso. As of 2006, the only remaining companies in the clothing industry are Wrangler and a smaller company by the name of Border Apparel.

More than 70 Fortune 500 companies have offices in El Paso, including The Hoover Company, Eureka, Boeing, and Delphi (auto parts).

El Paso is an important entry point to the U.S. from Mexico. Once a major copper refining area, chief manufacturing industries in El Paso now include food production, clothing, construction materials, electronic and medical equipment, and plastics. Cotton, fruit, vegetables, livestock, and pecans are produced in the area. With El Paso's attractive climate and natural beauty, tourism has become a booming industry as well as trade with neighboring Ciudad Juárez.

Education is also a driving force in El Paso's economy. El Paso's three large school districts are among the largest employers in the area, employing more than 19,000 people between them. The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) has an annual budget of nearly $250 million and employs nearly 3,600 people. A 2002 study by the university's Institute for Policy and Economic Development stated that the University's impact on local businesses has resulted in $349 million.

The military installation of Fort Bliss is a major contributor to El Paso's economy. Fort Bliss began as a Cavalry post in 1848. Today, Fort Bliss is the site of the United States Army's Air Defense Artillery Center and produces approximately $80 million in products and services annually, with about $60 million of those products and services purchased locally. Fort Bliss' total economic impact on the area has been estimated at more than $1 billion, with 12,000 soldiers currently stationed at the Fort. During the 2005 round of Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC), Fort Bliss came out an enormous winner. By 2013, BRAC growth is expected to add almost 28,000 new troops, 16,000 new spouses, and 21,000 new children to the El Paso community. The growth is expected to create a strong economic ripple throughout the El Paso area. With the growth in Fort Bliss, the economy is expected to profit an additional $10 billion by 2012, and an additional $5 billion each year after that.

In addition to the military, the federal government has a strong presence in El Paso to manage its status and unique issues as a border region. The Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and the Customs and Border Protection Agency (CBP) all have agency operations in El Paso to regulate traffic and goods through ports of entry from Mexico. Including these agencies, government job growth in the area is expected to rise to 64,390 jobs by 2007.

Call center operations make up 7 of the top 10 business employers in El Paso. With no signs of growth slowing in this industry, in 2005 the 14 largest call centers in El Paso employed more than 10,000 people. The largest of these in terms of employees are EchoStar, MCI/GC Services, and West Telemarketing.

Analysts in the area say that job growth in 2005 will be in the form of health care, business and trade services, international trade, and telecommunications.

Items and goods produced: petroleum, metals, medical devices, plastics, machinery, automotive parts, food, defense-related goods, tourism, boots

Largest city employers

• El Paso Independent School District 8,663
• Fort Bliss (civilian employees) 6,803
• Ysleta Independent School District 6,500
• City of El Paso 6,264
• University of Texas at El Paso 4,871
• Socorro Independent School District 3,995
• Sierra Providence Health Network 3,761
• El Paso Community College 3,728
• Wal-Mart 3,706
• El Paso County 2,700
• Las Palmas and Del Sol Regional Health Care System 2,244
• Echostar 2,012

All numbers are estimates as of 2006

Sports

Major League teams

El Paso does not have any major league sports team. El Paso hosts the annual NCAA Brut Sun Bowl. El Paso is also the site of the Borderland Derby horse race held in the nearby suburb of Sunland Park. El Paso is also host of the Texas vs. The Nation Football Game all-star game played in the Sun Bowl Stadium.

Sports

Arenas

• UTEP owns the two largest stadiums in El Paso:
  • Sun Bowl Stadium has a capacity of 51,400 and is home to the UTEP Miners football team, coached by Mike Price. It is also home to the annual Sun Bowl, soccer games, and special events such as concerts.
  • Don Haskins Center has a capacity of 12,222 and is used for UTEP's basketball teams and special events such as concerts and boxing matches. It is also where the graduation ceremony takes place for UTEP students.

Cohen Stadium

• • Cohen Stadium has a capacity of 9,725 and is used primarily for the El Paso Diablos Independent baseball club. It also hosts concerts and boxing matches and is able to host soccer games as well.
  • El Paso County Coliseum has a capacity of 5,250. It is currently used primarily for special events such as concerts, wrestling matches, and others. It can also be utilized for hockey and arena football.
  • Memorial Gym is a 5,000 seat multi-purpose arena located on the UTEP campus. It was home to the Miners basketball teams until the Don Haskins Center, then known as the Special Events Center, opened in 1976.
  • Patriot Stadium has a capacity of around 3,000 and is solely used for the El Paso Patriots soccer club.

Education

Public libraries

El Paso Public Library operates public libraries in El Paso.

Ciudad Juárez residents attending schools in El Paso

Many affluent Ciudad Juárez residents attend schools in El Paso, including El Paso ISD schools ("Mexican children cross border to go to school", Houston Chronicle, April 29, 2007). Due to the number of students from Ciudad Juárez enrolled in United States schools, the Paso Del Norte crossing (also called "Santa Fe bridge") holds a dedicated student crossing lane. The lane stays open from 6:30 A. M. to 8:30 A. M.

Hospitals

University Medical Center

• Del Sol Medical Center^[35]
• Las Palmas – Del Sol Rehab. Hospital
• Las Palmas Medical Center^[36]
• Horizon Specialty Hospital
• University Medical Center- The city's general hospital and the only Level I trauma center in the area
• Rio Vista Rehab. Hospital
• Sierra Medical Center
• Southwestern General Hospital
• William Beaumont Army Medical Center
• Providence Memorial Hospital
• Physicians Hospital
• Highlands Regional Rehabilitation Hospital
• Sierra East medical center

Culture

Literature

Bronze equestrian statue of Juan de Oñate by John Sherrill Houser.

El Paso has been home to literary figures such as:

• Alicia Gaspar de Alba
• Frank Ambriz
• José Antonio Burciaga
• Mario T. Garcia
• Dagoberto Gilb
• Arturo Islas
• Tom Lea
• Cormac McCarthy
• Howard McCord
• Pat Mora
• John Rechy
• Benjamin Alire Saenz

The Tigua Indians of Ysleta del Sur Pueblo

Located between the cities of El Paso and Socorro lies the sovereign Ysleta del Sur Pueblo Nation, with its own governing body. It is one of the three Federally-recognized Indian tribes in Texas.

The Tigua have been at their present location since a successful Pueblo Revolt of 1680 that forced the Spaniards and New Spaniards (future Mexicans) to retreat south to present day Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua and El Paso. The tribe is led by a governor and a tribal council. Elections for tribal governor and tribal council are held once annually. The current governor is Frank Paiz.

Very close to tribal lands is the sacred site of Hueco Tanks.

Points of interest

Street scene in Downtown El Paso

Area museums

• Centennial Museum and Chihuahuan Desert Gardens
• El Paso Museum of Archaeology
• El Paso Museum of Art
• El Paso Museum of History
• Fort Bliss Museums & Study Center
• Insights El Paso Science Museum
• Magoffin Home State Historic Site
• National Border Patrol Museum
• Railroad & Transportation Museum of El Paso
• War Eagles Air Museum, Santa Teresa, New Mexico
• Gene Roddenberry Planetarium
• El Paso Holocaust Museum and Study Center
• Lynx Exhibits

Theaters

• The Abraham Chavez Theatre is located adjacent to the El Paso Convention & Performing Arts Center, welcomes patrons with a three-story-high glass-windowed entry and unique sombrero-shaped architecture making it a distinct feature on El Paso's southwestern landscape
• The Plaza Theatre is a historic building located at 125 Pioneer Plaza in El Paso, Texas. The theater stands as one of the city's most well-known landmarks. It shows various Broadway productions, musical concerts, and individual performers. It has a seating capacity of 2,100.
• McKelligon Canyon is a 90-acre (360,000 m²) park, located in the Franklin Mountains, open to hikers and picnickers. In the canyon, McKelligon Canyon Amphitheatre is surrounded on three sides by dramatic canyon walls; the 1,500-seat amphitheatre is used for concerts and special events, such as Viva El Paso!

The Cathedral Church of Saint Patrick is the mother church of the Diocese of El Paso.

Sites within the city limits

• Abraham Chavez Theatre
• Abundant Living Faith Center
• Chamizal National Memorial
• El Paso Zoo
• Fort Bliss
• Franklin Mountains State Park
• Cathedral Church of Saint Patrick
• Judson F. Williams Convention Center
• McKelligon Canyon
• Magoffin Home State Historic Site
• Plaza Hotel
• Plaza Theatre
• Union Depot
• University of Texas at El Paso
• Ysleta Mission
• The Tigua (Tiwa) of Ysleta del Sur Pueblo Nation

Sites within the surrounding area

• Big Bend National Park
• Carlsbad Caverns National Park
• Guadalupe Mountains National Park
• Hueco Tanks State Park
• Lincoln National Forest
• Maar volcanic craters: Kilbourne Hole and Hunt's Hole
• The Mescalero Apache Nation
• Socorro Mission
• The Presidio at San Elizario, also known as the San Elizario Chapel
• White Sands National Monument

Other sites of interest

• The El Paso Comic Strip Comedy Club
• Judson F. Williams Convention Center
• Western Playland
• Wet and Wild Water World
• Sunland Park Racetrack & Casino
• Rosa's Cantina
• Chico's Tacos

Transportation

El Paso is served by El Paso International Airport, Amtrak via the historic Union Depot, Interstate 10, U.S. Highway 54 (known locally as "54", the "North-South Freeway" or officially as the Patriot Freeway), U.S. Highway 180 and U.S. Highway 62 (Montana Avenue), U.S. Highway 85 (Paisano Drive), Loop 375, Loop 478 (Copia Street-Pershing Drive-Dyer Street), numerous Texas Farm to Market Roads (a class of state highway commonly abbreviated to FM) and the city's original thoroughfare, State Highway 20, the eastern portion of which is known locally as Alameda Avenue (formerly U.S. Highway 80). Texas 20 also includes portions of Texas Avenue in Central El Paso, North Mesa Street from Downtown to the West Side, and Doniphan Drive on the West Side. Northeast El Paso is connected to West El Paso by Woodrow Bean Transmountain Drive. The city also shares 4 international bridges and one railbridge with Ciudad Juárez, Mexico.

Airports

• El Paso International Airport

• Horizon Airport

Passenger rail

• The historic Union Depot with service provided by Amtrak.

Major highways

• Interstate 10 The primary thoroughfare through the city, connecting the city with other major U.S. cities such as Houston, Los Angeles, New Orleans, Phoenix and Dallas (via Interstate 20). The I-10 is also a connector to Interstate 25, which connects with the cities of Albuquerque, Denver and Cheyenne.
• U.S. Highway 54 Officially called the Patriot Freeway; also known as the North-South Freeway. A business route runs along Dyer Street, the former US 54, from the freeway near Fort Bliss to the Texas-New Mexico border, where it again rejoins the expressway. The original U.S. 54 was a transcontinental route connecting El Paso with Chicago.
• U.S. Highway 62 Santa Fe Street south of Paisano Drive concurrently with US 85, Paisano Drive east of Santa Fe Street to Montana Avenue, then Montana Avenue concurrently with US 180.
• U.S. Highway 85 Santa Fe Street south of Paisano Drive concurrently with US 62 and Paisano Drive west of Santa Fe Street to I-10.
• U.S. Highway 180 Montana Avenue, which is a bypass route to the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex to the east, and Flagstaff, Arizona to the west.
• SH 20 Alameda Avenue (formerly US 80), Texas Avenue, Mesa Street and Doniphan Drive.
• SH 178 Art Craft Road in Northwest El Paso extends from Interstate 10 west to the New Mexico state line, at which point it becomes New Mexico Highway 136, the Pete V. Domenici International Highway.
• Loop 375 Texas Highway Loop 375 encircles the city of El Paso. In Northeast El Paso, it is Woodrow Bean Trans-Mountain Drive. In the Ft. Bliss Military Reservation in between Northeast and East El Paso, it is officially the Purple Heart Memorial Highway. In East El Paso, the north- and southbound section is known as Joe Battle Boulevard, or simply as "the Loop". South of I-10, in the east and westbound portion, it is known as the Cesar Chavez Border Highway, a four-lane expressway which is located along the U.S.-Mexico border between Downtown El Paso and the Ysleta area.
• Loop 478: Copia Street, Pershing Drive and Dyer Street.
• Spur 601. Once known as the Inner Loop, it was officially named the Liberty Expressway by the El Paso City Council in April 2010 at the request of Maj. Gen. Howard Bromberg, the commandant of Fort Bliss.^[37] It is currently under construction and when completed, it will connect the Patriot Freeway (US 54) and Biggs Army Air Field to the Purple Heart Memorial Highway (Loop 375).
• North Loop Road, as well as Delta Drive between North Loop Road and Alameda Avenue (Texas Highway 20).
• Zaragoza Road, running more or less north from the Ysleta International Bridge to US 62-180 (Montana Avenue); it lies mostly in East El Paso.
• A portion of Clark Drive from Alameda Avenue (Texas Highway 20) north to Trowbridge Drive in South-Central El Paso.
• McRae Boulevard, running north from Interstate 10 to US 62-180 (Montana Avenue) in East El Paso.
• Texas Farm Road 2529 includes Stan Roberts Avenue and McCombs Street between Dyer Street and Stan Roberts Avenue in Northeast El Paso.
• Runs east from McCombs Street (Texas Farm Road 2529) in far Northeast El Paso; does not have a city street name.
• Texas Farm Road 3255 runs north from US 54 to the New Mexico state line in Northeast El Paso and bears the city street name Martin Luther King Boulevard.

Mass transit

The Sun Metro Mass Transit System operates a system of medium to large capacity natural gas powered buses all around the city of El Paso.^[38]

El Paso County Transit makes trips with small capacity buses mainly in the Eastern El Paso area.

On September 1, 2009, NMDOT Park and Ride began operating commuter bus service to and from Las Cruces, New Mexico.^[39]

Historically, El Paso and Ciudad Juarez had a shared streetcar system with a peak electrified route mileage of 64 miles (103 km) in 1920. The first electrified line across the Rio Grande which opened on January 11, 1902 was preceded by a network that relied on animal labor. The system quickly spread into residential and industrial areas of El Paso. In 1913 a 12 miles (19 km) interurban line was built to Ysleta. At the close of 1943 holding company El Paso Electric Company sold its subsidiary the El Paso Electric Railway Company and its Mexican counterpart to one of National City Lines' subsidiaries. This resulted in the formation of El Paso City Lines whose domestic streetcar lines were replaced by buses in 1947.^[40] The international streetcar line continued to operate until 1973. In 1977 El Paso City Lines and two other bus companies were bought by the municipality and merged to form Sun City Area Transit (SCAT). In 1987 SCAT restyled itself Sun Metro.^[41]

International border crossings

The first bridge to cross the Rio Grande at El Paso del Norte was built in the time of Nueva España, over 250 years ago, from wood hauled in from Santa Fe.^[42]

Today, four bridges serve the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez area, and another connecting Ysleta with Ciudad Juárez.

Media

Newspapers

The main newspapers are the English language daily El Paso Times, founded in 1881; and the Spanish language daily El Diario de El Paso.

Radio stations

Radio stations from Las Cruces, New Mexico and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua can also be heard within the El Paso market.

Television

El Paso was the largest city in the United States without a PBS television station within the city limits until 1978. El Paso viewers had to watch channel 22, KRWG from Las Cruces until 1978. In fact, the city had only three English-speaking channels and two Spanish language channels (channel 2 and channel 5) from Juarez, and cable subscribers in the 1970s and 1980s could receive four Los Angeles independent channels: KTLA, KHJ, KTTV and KCOP. Over time, as more television stations signed on and more cable channels were added (and the internet expanded), the L.A. stations would disappear from the lineup. The last to be removed was KTLA in the Fall of 2006, when KVIA-TV opened its own CW station.

El Paso's current television stations are as shown in the table below:

 •  

 • 
 • 

Cellular phone coverage

KTSM TV reports^[43] that cellular phone users in El Paso are subject to International Calling fees (unless they disable roaming with their cellular phone providers).

Popular culture

• Eddie Guerrero pro-wrestler with the WWE who was WWE champion and a member of the WWE Hall of Fame. Eddie was born in El Paso and attended Jefferson High School. Eddie also named one of his finishing moves "The Lasso from El Paso".
• Vikki Carr, international singer and entertainer ("It Must Be Him", "Total", "Cosas del amor") was born in El Paso on July 19, 1941.
• Debbie Reynolds, singer/actress was born in El Paso on April 1, 1932.
• "El Paso" by Marty Robbins was a popular Country ballad released in 1959. Robbins followed it up with a sequel, "El Paso City," in 1976.
• Juan Gabriel started his singing career by singing for passengers on the electric trollies that connected El Paso and Ciudad Juárez.
• Fleetwood Mac held their first concert that featured Stevie Nicks and Lindsey Buckingham in El Paso in 1975. Stevie Nicks attended Loretto Academy and Bassett Junior High in El Paso as a teenager.
• In the 1975 movie, The Stepford Wives the fluoride content in El Paso's drinking water is mentioned as a possible method the women of Stepford are being "brainwashed."
• In the movie Kill Bill the Massacre at Two Pines in which Beatrix Kiddo was put into a coma and her whole wedding party slaughtered took place in a small chapel just outside El Paso.
• The current Blue Beetle comic book series takes place in El Paso.
• Radio La Chusma's song, Cruisin' describes the city's streets in their pachuco style sound that is heard internationally.
• El Paso has become a favored destination for musicians of all stripes. See Vanity Fair's March 2009 article.
• In one of the opening scenes in Call of Juarez, Ray mentions El Paso.
• In Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter 2, the penultimate mission is set in El Paso.
• The Chinga Chavin song "Asshole From El Paso", most famously recorded by Kinky Friedman, which was a parody of Merle Haggard's "Okie from Muskogee", mentions El Paso in both the lyrics and the title.
• The influential post-hardcore band At The Drive-In were formed in El Paso, and one of the founding members, guitarist Jim Ward was born here.

Filmed in El Paso

• The Burning Plain (2009) starring Charlize Theron. Scene shot on 2nd floor at Southwest General Hospital.
• Stephen Fry In America (2008) documentary
• The Last Conquistador (2008), a PBS POV documentary about the Oñate statue controversy
• No Country For Old Men (2007) starring Tommy Lee Jones and Javier Bardem. Destination El Paso, Texas.
• Glory Road (2006) starring Josh Lucas.
• Beside You in Time (2006) Nine Inch Nails North American Tour 2006.
• Rx (2005) starring Colin Hanks, Eric Balfour and Alan Tudyk.
• Man on Fire (2004) starring Denzel Washington and Dakota Fanning.
• The Day After Tomorrow (2004) starring Dennis Quaid and Sela Ward.
• Saving Jessica Lynch (2003) starring Laura Regan.
• Kill Bill (2003) starring Uma Thurman.
• Kingpin (NBC pilot) (2003) starring Yancey Arias and Brian Benben.
• The Original Latin Kings of Comedy (2002) featuring George Lopez, Cheech Marin, Joey Medina, Alex Reymundo and Paul Rodriguez. It was shot at the Abraham Chavez Theater.
• Traffic (2000) starring Benicio del Toro, Michael Douglas, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Dennis Quaid and Don Cheadle.
• Committed (2000) starring Heather Graham.
• On the Border (1998) starring Casper Van Dien, Bryan Brown, Daniel Baldwin.
• Lolita (1997) starring Jeremy Irons and Melanie Griffith.
• Last Man Standing (1996) starring Bruce Willis, Bruce Dern, Christopher Walken, Karina Lombard.
• Courage Under Fire (1996) starring Denzel Washington and Meg Ryan had all the Persian Gulf War scenes shot at the Indian Cliffs Ranch.
• Blue Sky (1994) starring Jessica Lange and Tommy Lee Jones.
• Wild at Heart (1990) starring Nicolas Cage and Laura Dern.
• Extreme Prejudice (1987) starring Nick Nolte and Powers Boothe.
• Death of an Angel (1986) starring Bonnie Bedelia and Nick Mancuso.
• Lost in America (1985) starring Albert Brooks and Julie Hagerty.
• Fandango (1985) starring Kevin Costner and Judd Nelson. Wedding scenes were filmed in front of Mission San Elizario in San Elizario, Texas (near El Paso).
• Paris, Texas (1984) starring Harry Dean Stanton and Dean Stockwell.
• Lone Wolf McQuade (1983) starring Chuck Norris and David Carradine.
• Wrong is Right (1982) starring Sean Connery.
• The Border (1982) starring Jack Nicholson and Harvey Keitel. All the border scenes, the refugee camp scene, and the U.S. Embassy scene were all shot in and around El Paso.
• Second Hand Hearts (1981) starring Robert Blake and Barbara Harris.
• Resurrection (1980) starring Ellen Burstyn.
• When You Comin' Back, Red Ryder? (1979) starring Hal Linden and Lee Grant.
• Big Wednesday (1978) starring Jan Michael Vincent and Gary Busey.
• I Thought It Was A Go (2007) starring Kaelo Makua James and Chris "Nyph" Ashness. A Deathcore music video featuring the Deathcore band The Odessa Trail.
• The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training (1977) starring William Devane.
• The Getaway (1972) starring Steve McQueen and Ali MacGraw.
• Manos: The Hands of Fate (1966), which is reputed to be one of the worst films ever made, was shot in and around El Paso. It premiered in 1966 at the downtown Capri Theater.
• Take the High Ground! (1953), starring Richard Widmark and Karl Malden.

Sister cities

El Paso, Texas has the following sister cities:

• – Chihuahua, Mexico^[44]
• – Jerez de la Frontera, Spain^[45]
• – Mérida, Spain^[45]
• – Juárez, Mexico^[45]
• – Torreón, Mexico^[45]
• – Zacatecas, Mexico^[45]

See also

• List of people from El Paso, Texas

Notes

External links

• City of El Paso Website
• Chamber of Commerce Website
• Forty years at El Paso, 1858–1898; recollections of war, politics, adventure, events, narratives, sketches, etc., by W. W. Mills, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
• El Paso Metropolitan Planning Organization
• El Paso, Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online
• El Paso - The Best Little Music City in Texas, from Vanity Fair, March 2009.

Municipalities and communities of El Paso County, Texas County seat: El Paso Cities El Paso | Horizon City | Socorro Towns Anthony | Clint Village Vinton CDPs Agua Dulce | Butterfield | Canutillo | Fabens | Fort Bliss | Homestead Meadows North | Homestead Meadows South | Morning Glory | Prado Verde | San Elizario | Sparks | Tornillo | Westway Unincorporated communities Montana Vista | Newman

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Mayors of cities with populations exceeding 100,000 in Texas     Annise Parker (Houston) Julian Castro (San Antonio) Tom Leppert (Dallas) Lee Leffingwell (Austin) Mike Moncrief (Fort Worth) John Cook (El Paso) Robert Cluck (Arlington) Joe Adame (Corpus Christi) Phil Dyer (Plano) Raul Gonzalez Salinas (Laredo) Tom Martin (Lubbock) Ronald E. Jones (Garland) Herbert A. Gears (Irving) Debra McCartt (Amarillo) Pat Ahumada (Brownsville) Charles England (Grand Prairie) Johnny Isbell (Pasadena) John Monaco (Mesquite) Richard F. Cortez (McAllen) Ron Branson (Carrollton) Virginia DuPuy (Waco) Bill Whitfield (McKinney) Mark Burroughs (Denton) Timothy L. Hancock (Killeen) Norm Archibald (Abilene) Becky Ames (Beaumont) Wes Perry (Midland) Alan McGraw (Round Rock) Dean Ueckert (Lewisville) Bill Keffler (Richardson) Lanham Lyne (Wichita Falls) Larry Melton (Odessa)